Macular Degeneration
What is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration, often referred to as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye disorder primarily affecting older adults. It leads to damage of the macula, a small central area of the retina responsible for producing sharp, clear central vision. As the macula deteriorates, tasks such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces can become difficult. There are two main types of AMD:
Dry Macular Degeneration (non-neovascular): The more common form, it’s characterized by the thinning of the macula and the presence of small yellow deposits called drusen under the retina. Vision loss is usually gradual.
Wet Macular Degeneration (neovascular): Less common but more severe. It’s characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels underneath the retina, which can leak fluid and blood, causing rapid and significant vision loss.
The exact cause of macular degeneration is not entirely understood, but it’s believed to be a mix of hereditary and environmental factors. While there is no cure for AMD, treatments can help slow its progression and manage symptoms, especially if caught early. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection.
Common Macular Degeneration Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- Blurred/distorted vision
- Dark or empty areas in central vision
- Difficulty recognising faces
- Decreased intensity or brightness of colours
- Difficulty seeing details
- Need for brighter light
- Rapid vision loss
Macular Degeneration Causes
Macular degeneration, specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is primarily influenced by aging, though its exact cause is not fully understood. Both genetic and environmental factors play roles in its development. Aging, family history, and genetics are key risk factors. Environmental triggers include smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, high blood pressure, and dietary factors. While the condition involves a breakdown of cells in the macula, in the wet form, it’s also associated with the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. Regular eye examinations can help in early detection and management of AMD.
When to Call a Doctor
If you experience symptoms that come on suddenly, you should call our office immediately.
Book an appointment if you suspect you suffer from Macular Degeneration
Other Eye Conditions
Cataracts
Cataracts
Macular Degeneration
Eye Infections
Diabetic Retinopathy
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes AMD?
The exact cause is unknown. However, factors like age, genetics, smoking, high blood pressure, and diet can contribute.
Can AMD lead to total blindness?
Typically, no. It affects the central vision but usually spares the peripheral vision. However, it can significantly impair activities like reading, driving, and recognising faces.
Is macular degeneration hereditary?
Genetics can play a role, and those with a family history might be at a higher risk.